In a large pot, bring salted water to a rolling boil. Add the penne pasta and cook according to package directions until al dente, typically around 10-12 minutes. Before draining, reserve about 1 cup of the pasta cooking water. Drain the pasta and set aside.
In a spacious skillet, heat the extra-virgin olive oil over medium heat. Once the oil is shimmering, add the minced garlic and red pepper flakes. Sauté for approximately 30 seconds, stirring continuously, until the garlic is fragrant but not browned.
Pour in the crushed tomatoes and stir in the tomato paste, blending the mixture thoroughly. Bring the sauce to a gentle simmer and season with salt according to your taste. Allow the sauce to cook for 10-15 minutes, stirring occasionally.
Add the drained penne pasta to the skillet with the sauce. Gently toss to combine, adding the reserved pasta water incrementally until the sauce reaches your preferred consistency.
Once thoroughly mixed, remove the skillet from heat. Allow the dish to sit for a minute to settle. Plate the spicy penne Arrabbiata, garnishing with fresh basil leaves and optionally sprinkle with grated Parmesan cheese.
Notes
Adjust the red pepper flakes based on your heat preference.